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Long-term acute care hospitals

LTACH antibiogram software, a long-term acute care hospital antibiogram built from your own cultures, not the host hospital's

An LTACH treats ventilator weaning, chronic wounds and long IV courses in patients who arrive already colonized. Its resistance looks nothing like the short-stay hospital next door, yet many LTACHs still pick empiric therapy from that hospital's antibiogram. Your own cultures are enough to build your own.

Read the short answer

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under 40 40 to 59 60 to 74 75 to 89 90 and over n<30, below the reporting threshold n/t, not tested on this panel

Short answer

LTACH antibiogram software builds a cumulative susceptibility report from a long-term acute care hospital's own culture results, instead of borrowing the host or referring hospital's report. Antimicrobe reads the CSV line list your lab or reference lab exports, keeps the first isolate per patient per organism, suppresses any percentage resting on fewer than 30 isolates, and cuts by specimen source so tracheal aspirates and urine are not blended. The Lab plan is $249 a month by card; unit cuts and CRE threshold alerts are on the $749 Stewardship plan.

Computed from your own isolates, never from a national average.

Why an LTACH cannot borrow the short-stay hospital's antibiogram

Medicare defines a long-term care hospital by an average inpatient length of stay greater than 25 days. The patients are the sickest survivors of other hospitals' ICUs: tracheostomies, ventilator dependence, central lines, weeks of prior antibiotics. That population carries far more resistance than the general acute care mix, so a short-stay hospital's antibiogram, even one in the same building, understates what your prescribers face.

The published numbers are stark. In a Clinical Infectious Diseases study of 64 US LTACHs (Han and colleagues, January 2014 to March 2015), 24.6 percent of 3,846 Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures were carbapenem resistant, rising to 42.2 percent in the West. Among those carbapenem-resistant isolates, amikacin resistance was 59.2 percent and fluoroquinolone resistance above 97 percent. A hospital-wide antibiogram from an acute care hospital will rarely show anything close.

Where the resistance comes from matters too. In a 77-bed Detroit LTACH studied by Chopra and colleagues (Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2018), 23 of 30 patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were first detected after admission, a median of 25 days in. The LTACH's own ecology, not only the referral stream, shapes what grows, and only your own data shows it.

What makes an LTACH antibiogram harder to build

Three features of long-term acute care break a hospital antibiogram built the usual way. None of them needs a big system, but each needs a rule applied the same way every year.

  • Repeat cultures. A patient who stays 30 or 40 days is cultured again and again. Without the CLSI M39 first-isolate rule, one patient with persistent Pseudomonas can contribute ten resistant isolates and skew the whole row
  • Respiratory specimens dominate. In the Han network study, 53.6 percent of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae came from respiratory sources. Blending tracheal aspirates with urine and blood hides the difference, so cut by source
  • Screening swabs. Many LTACHs screen for CRE or other MDROs on admission. CLSI M39 excludes surveillance cultures from the cumulative antibiogram, so filter rectal and other screening swabs out of the export before you upload it
  • Small counts. A 40 to 60 bed LTACH may see fewer than 30 isolates of some organisms in a year. Those cells must be suppressed or pooled across two years, not printed as a confident percentage

Where an LTACH's culture data lives

Many LTACHs operate as a hospital within a hospital and buy laboratory services from the host, while freestanding LTACHs often send microbiology to a reference lab or a nearby hospital's outreach lab. Either way, the rows you need already exist: one line per isolate and drug, tagged with the ordering location.

Ask the lab for a CSV covering at least 12 months, filtered to your ordering locations, with these columns: patient identifier or MRN, collection date, specimen source, unit, organism, antibiotic and the S, I or R interpretation. MIC values help but are optional. Patient identifiers are hashed on upload and never stored, because the first-isolate rule only needs a consistent key.

The export columns, and how common laboratory information systems name them, are explained on the LIS susceptibility export page.

LTACH antibiogram options compared

If you already run TheraDoc, Sentri7 or VigiLanz for alerts, you do not have to replace it to get a better antibiogram; the TheraDoc alternatives page explains how teams keep the platform and move only the annual report.

Options as a US long-term acute care hospital would compare them. Antimicrobe prices from its pricing page; enterprise platforms do not publish prices.
Option Whose patients it describes Who builds it Cost
Host or referring hospital antibiogram Mostly short-stay inpatients That hospital's lab or pharmacy Free to read, wrong population
Reference lab client report Your isolates, if the lab offers one The lab, on its own rules Varies, rarely cut by source
Excel by hand Your patients A pharmacist or infection preventionist, yearly No license, days of work
WHONET Your patients One person on a Windows PC, after BacLink setup Free software, your hours
Enterprise surveillance platform Your patients, with alerts Vendor implementation with your IT Not published, platform pricing
Antimicrobe Your patients, cut by source (and unit on Stewardship) Your stewardship lead, in a browser $249 or $749 a month

CRE and MDRO tracking in an LTACH

For an LTACH the antibiogram and the MDRO picture are the same conversation. The Stewardship plan adds an MDRO watch with threshold alerts on the same uploaded data, so a quarter where carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella or resistant Acinetobacter climbs past the level you set shows up without anyone rebuilding a spreadsheet. Quarterly trends let the committee see whether a cohorting or screening change moved the numbers.

This is resistance surveillance from finalized results, not patient-level HAI case finding. NHSN reporting for the LTCH Quality Reporting Program, and outbreak investigation, still run through your infection prevention process.

The organism-level view is described on the carbapenem-resistant organism tracking page, and the wider category on antimicrobial resistance surveillance software.

What the stewardship requirements mean for an LTACH

Long-term care hospitals are certified as hospitals, so the hospital Conditions of Participation apply, including the infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program standard at 42 CFR 482.42. The regulation does not name an antibiogram, but CDC's Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs describe tracking resistance patterns and using local susceptibility data to guide empiric recommendations, and surveyors and accreditors expect to see that data behind your treatment guidance.

For accredited LTACHs, the current Joint Commission wording is on the Joint Commission antimicrobial stewardship page. Post-acute operators with skilled nursing units should also read nursing home antibiogram software, since F881 sets a different bar.

How it works for a long-term acute care hospital

The builder at the top of this page runs the same rules on sample data, so you can see a suppressed cell and a source cut before you buy.

  • Request 12 to 24 months of susceptibility results from your lab as CSV, remove screening swabs, and upload. Common export headings are recognized automatically
  • The engine keeps the first isolate per patient per organism in the period, so a long-stay patient cultured repeatedly counts once
  • Cells under 30 isolates are suppressed and shown as counts; pool two years for less common organisms and print the window on the report
  • Cut by specimen source (respiratory, urine, blood, wound), then by unit on the Stewardship plan, and export the report for the pharmacy and therapeutics committee and medical staff

Which plan fits which LTACH

A single LTACH that wants one defensible annual antibiogram, cut by specimen source and period, fits the Lab plan at $249 a month, bought by card. An LTACH that wants unit cuts (ventilator unit versus step-down), quarterly trends and CRE threshold alerts fits the Stewardship plan at $749 a month with 8 seats and up to 3 facilities. A multi-site LTACH operator that wants each hospital reported separately and compared side by side fits the Network plan at $2,400 a month for up to 12 facilities.

Every limit is on the pricing page. Operators pooling data across hospitals should also read regional antibiogram software.

What this does not do

  • No EHR or HL7 interface. It works from exported files
  • No patient-level alerts, culture follow-up queues or NHSN HAI submission
  • No days-of-therapy tracking; antibiotic use comes from your pharmacy or eMAR data
  • Not a prescribing tool. It summarizes susceptibility for the pharmacists and physicians who set empiric guidance

Related reading: antibiotic stewardship software for nursing homes, carbapenem-resistant organism tracking, hospital antibiogram software, nursing home antibiogram software, lab susceptibility export. The four steps from susceptibility testing data to an antibiogram cover the method end to end.

Questions

On this page's topic

Do LTACHs need their own antibiogram?

Yes, in practice. LTACH patients carry much more resistance than a short-stay hospital's mix: a 64-LTACH study found 24.6 percent of Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures were carbapenem resistant. An antibiogram from the host or referring hospital understates that, so empiric choices built on it can miss. Your own first-isolate data is the right basis.

Why is antibiotic resistance higher in long-term acute care hospitals?

LTACH patients stay longer than 25 days on average and usually arrive after ICU care with tracheostomies, central lines and weeks of antibiotics. That concentrates colonized patients, and transmission inside the LTACH adds more: in one Detroit LTACH, most CRE patients were first detected a median of 25 days after admission.

Can an LTACH use the host hospital's antibiogram?

Only as a stopgap. A hospital-within-a-hospital LTACH shares a lab, not a patient population, and the host's report is dominated by short-stay patients. Ask the shared lab to export your ordering locations separately, and build your own report from that file.

Should admission screening cultures be included in an LTACH antibiogram?

No. CLSI M39 excludes surveillance cultures, such as CRE rectal screening swabs, from the cumulative antibiogram because they measure colonization, not the clinical isolates prescribers treat. Filter them out of the export before upload and track screening results separately.

How many isolates does an LTACH antibiogram need?

CLSI M39 says not to report a percent susceptible on fewer than 30 isolates of an organism in the period. Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and E. coli usually clear that in a year at a mid-size LTACH; for Acinetobacter or Enterobacter, pool two years and state the window, or show the count only.

How much does LTACH antibiogram software cost?

Antimicrobe costs $249 a month on the Lab plan for one facility, bought by card, or $749 a month on the Stewardship plan for unit cuts, quarterly trends and MDRO alerts. There is no implementation fee and no interface to build. Enterprise surveillance platforms do not publish prices.

More on antimicrobial resistance reporting

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